Systematic AI crypto strategy
Can eval-driven AI improve BTC + ETH allocation
Intro
We explore whether AI can systematically add value for two common Bitcoin + Ether index strategies: equal weight and market-cap weight. Each month it rates the relative attractiveness of Bitcoin versus Ether, from −1 to +1. A positive rating says the window is Bitcoin-led and adds Bitcoin. A negative rating says it is Ether-led and adds Ether. The rating is turned into active weights by a scaler. The default is 1, clipped so the weight stays between 0 and 100 percent. A score of +1 is all Bitcoin and a score of −1 is all Ether.
Here we show the eval results for two harnesses.
- OpenClaw — Calls the tools itself, across multiple turns. Serves as baseline for how an off-the-shelf agent would perform.
- Fintel crypto agent — A harness optimized through our evals for performance and efficiency.
Two agents ran on the same model, MiMo 2.6, with the same data (see end of page).
The results indicate that our Fintel agent could add meaningful alpha to both types of index strategies while slightly reducing drawdowns. OpenClaw, our baseline, does not improve performance, and it uses significantly more tokens. Overall, this is a new kind of smart-beta strategy: regime-aware allocations without human intervention.
Period
Feb 2024 – Sep 2026
Decision periods
32
Repeats
3
Simulations
96per agent
Active-weighted = proportionate overweight to BTC/ETH based on agent score. Binary holding = holding only Bitcoin when the score is positive and only Ether when it is negative.
Headline results
OpenClaw
input tokens 72,903,882output tokens 852,186
| book | total ret | ann ret | ann vol | max DD | Sharpe | IR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equal | 58.79% | 19.02% | 62.03% | -56.57% | 0.56 | — |
| With AI overlay | 56.99% | 18.51% | 59.63% | -54.24% | 0.55 | -0.22 |
| Market cap | 74.71% | 23.38% | 55.08% | -51.92% | 0.63 | — |
| With AI overlay | 68.48% | 21.70% | 54.18% | -50.61% | 0.61 | -0.31 |
Fintel
input tokens 2,991,835output tokens 1,064,575
| book | total ret | ann ret | ann vol | max DD | Sharpe | IR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Equal | 58.79% | 19.02% | 62.03% | -56.57% | 0.56 | — |
| With AI overlay | 87.57% | 26.72% | 57.31% | -53.55% | 0.67 | 0.31 |
| Market cap | 74.71% | 23.38% | 55.08% | -51.92% | 0.63 | — |
| With AI overlay | 107.70% | 31.68% | 53.21% | -49.99% | 0.76 | 0.83 |
With AI overlay is the maximum tilt, a 100-point move clipped so Bitcoin's weight stays between 0 and 100 percent. The information ratio is versus that row's benchmark. Figures are net of 5 bps. Sharpe and the information ratio are annualized. Marked through 2026-09-28.
Return
Cumulative return of the active-weighted book, against the benchmark each book starts from. The charts are split by index.
Cumulative return
Equal weight
Cumulative return
Market cap
Agent score
The raw agent rating each repeat submitted, from −1 to +1. The ensemble is the average of the three. A positive rating is favoring BTC over ETH.
Score
OpenClaw
Score
Fintel
Tilt size
Total return as the scaler widens from 5 points to 30, then to the maximum. The maximum is a full 100-point move, clipped so Bitcoin's weight stays between 0 and 100 percent. Raising the rating sensitivity lifts Fintel's performance.
Total return
Off equal weight
Total return
Off market cap
Bitcoin weight
The Bitcoin weight on each decision date, against the benchmark weight.
Bitcoin weight
Equal weight
Bitcoin weight
Market cap
Three repeats
Each agent is run three times to measure stochasticity. OpenClaw is less consistent because of its harness.
Cumulative return
OpenClaw
Cumulative return
Fintel
Raw agent output
The Bitcoin rating each repeat submitted. Open it for the rationale, the factors, and the sources.
| repeat | score | rationale |
|---|---|---|
| r1 | 0.00 | The dimensions cancel and no dated result inside the window establishes a leader that has not already been paid. Regime is split: the price-relative record is Ether-led (ETH gained ~29% in seven days vs BTC's ~23% per cryptorank; ETH/BTC +25% off its June 6 low per coindesk; bitget calls it 'early rotation rather than a completed market shift'), but the share record is Bitcoin-led (Bitcoin dominance ~58.76% rising +0.12pp per tokenpost with ETH share slipping to 10.32%; cryptorank shows dominance near 59.7% with Altcoin Season Index 37 and OTHERS/BTC down ~1.9% on the week). The ETH fundamentals are also mixed and do not resolve the pair: TVL 48.77B is +18.9% over 30d but -11.7% over 180d, and supply is 122.00M with positive net issuance of +86.55K over 30d (+495.85K over 180d), matching the reported 20,125 ETH weekly supply increase that 'breaks post-Merge trend' — burn is not exceeding issuance. The missing Bitcoin-side activity series is only partially filled by web search, and what it returns is itself negative for BTC (fees at 0.69% of miner revenue, a 10-year low; hash rate down ~33% since Oct 2025; production cost ~23% above spot) — a genuine qualifier against Bitcoin, but it is offset by Ether's inflationary supply print. What the market is already paying caps both sides: the 1m/3m/6m excess returns (BTC-ETH) of -8.7%/-15.0%/-7.9% and ETH/BTC +6.9% (1m), +12.7% (3m) mean Ether's outperformance is already spent, while the 12m excess of +14.7% and ETH/BTC -20.5% (12m) cap Bitcoin on the cycle horizon. The ratio at 0.0314 (p55 of 0.0258-0.0406) is mid-window. Positioning splits by horizon (BTC ETF +3539.1M vs ETH +1851.5M at 30d; +205.1M vs +1823.2M at 90d), funding spread is marginal (-0.12bp ETH-BTC), and the DVOL spread of 13.7 sits near its 11.2 floor of the 11.2-32.3 range. With the regime tier split, fundamentals split, and the pair's recent move already paid to Ether, there is no cross-coin edge this window. |
| r2 | -0.15 | Three dimensions pull in different directions and the result is a small Ether lean, close to zero. (1) Regime: dated in-window results say the tape is Ether-led — bitget (week of Aug 26, 2026) has 'ETH gained nearly 29% in seven days, outpacing Bitcoin's 23% weekly advance' and CoinDesk (last 7d) dates Ether's leadership from early June with 'the pair has rallied 25% since the June 6 bottom' plus a golden cross on ETH/BTC. That is the primary pillar and it points at the equal-weight book. The share counter-print is only a one-session drift: TokenPost's Tuesday snapshot has Bitcoin dominance 58.76% (+0.12pp) vs Ethereum 10.32% (−0.01pp) — 'leadership narrowing toward Bitcoin' — too thin to overturn the dated trend. (2) ETH fundamental: mixed and therefore neutral-to-weak support for Ether. TVL 48.77B is +18.9% over 30d, a strong month, but the supply side is not burning: supply 122.00M with +86.55K net issuance over 30d (+495.85K over 180d), corroborated in-window by 'Ethereum Supply Rises by 20,125 ETH in a Week, Breaking Post-Merge Trend' and CoinOTAG's blob-fee burn of only ~0.22 ETH over seven days against 0.85% annual supply growth. Fees flat at 9.56M/day 30d vs 10.30M/day 180d. Bitcoin's side is not empty: Glassnode via gncrypto/CryptoSlate dates fees at 0.69–0.70% of miner revenue (lowest in 10 years) and hash rate down ~33% since Oct 2025 — a dated erosion of Bitcoin's economics that weighs against the market-cap book. (3) What is already paid: this is the cap. ETH/BTC 0.0314 (p55 of 0.0258–0.0406) has risen +6.9% over 1m and +12.7% over 3m, and the excess column shows Ether already outperforming at 1m (−8.7%), 3m (−15.0%) and 6m (−7.9%). CoinDesk itself dates the move at +25% off the June 6 low and warns prior ETH/BTC golden crosses (May 2022, Aug 2022, Jul 2025) were bull traps or reversed within four weeks. Leaning harder into Ether here would be leaning on paid-for outperformance, and the equal-weight reset sells that winner. The 12m still favors Bitcoin (+14.7% excess, ratio −20.5%) which keeps the score from going further negative. Positioning is split (BTC 30d ETF +3539.1M vs ETH +1851.5M, but 90d ETH +1823.2M vs BTC +205.1M), funding spread is only −0.08bp (30d avg), and the ETH−BTC DVOL spread of 13.7 marks the equal-weight book as the bumpier one in a sentiment tape that already ran (Fear & Greed 62, +35 in 30d). Net: a mild −0.15 lean to the equal-weight book on the dated regime, heavily dampened by the paid-for ratio move and ETH supply inflation. |
| r3 | 0.10 | The two dimensions that can move the pair cancel, leaving only a residual tilt to the market-cap (Bitcoin) book. Regime is split on dated evidence: Ether leads on performance (ETH +~29% vs BTC +23% over seven days per the week-of-Aug-26 Coin Edition piece; 'Ethereum Leads' a rebound +17.7% vs +10.2% on cryptotimes.io), but Bitcoin holds and is gaining share ('Bitcoin dominance rose to 58.76% (+0.12pp), while Ethereum's share slipped to 10.32%', TokenPost Tuesday; 'Bitcoin still controls nearly three-fifths of total capitalization', Coin Edition). The equal-weight book's premise requires Ether gaining AND the relative price not having paid; relative has already paid (ETH/BTC +6.9% 1m, +12.7% 3m, +7.3% 6m; CoinDesk: 'The pair has rallied 25% since the June 6 bottom'), so anti-momentum caps the Ether lean and the equal-weight reset would sell the already-run coin. At the same time the 12m excess of +14.7% (Bitcoin - Ether) and ETH/BTC -20.5% at 12m cap a big Bitcoin lean, and ETH/BTC at 0.0314 sits mid-window at p55, so nothing is mispriced. ETH fundamentals do not support Ether either: supply 122.00M with net issuance +86.55K/30d and +495.85K/180d ('Ether's total supply has increased by more than 20,125 ETH over the past seven days', Bitget/hokanews) and weak fee capture ('the base layer settled only $88.4 million... 4.9% of the total', coinotag) — the deflationary narrative is inactive. But the Bitcoin side has its own structural gap: 'Transaction fees now account for 0.69% of miner revenue, the lowest share in 10 years' with hash rate 'fallen about 33% since October 2025' (gncrypto/TradingView) — so ETH's weakness is partly matched. Positioning is nearly symmetric (funding 30d ann. BTC +6.5% vs ETH +5.6%, spread -0.9% favouring less-crowded Ether longs; ETF 30d +3539.1M BTC vs +1851.5M ETH, both heavily bid). Policy is coin-symmetric (Cboe 3x BTC/ETH ETF filing Aug 10-14; Thailand SEC passive BTC-or-ETH ETF consultation Aug 21-24). Net: no cross-coin edge from the fundamentals or pricing; the only live, uncapped signal is Bitcoin's rising share of the two coins, which justifies a small positive score rather than zero. |
The mission
This is the brief the portfolio manager reads on every date. It turns the data into one rating of Bitcoin versus Ether. The specialists do not see it.
You are rating Bitcoin against Ether. You see both coins in one decision. Submit exactly one view. The symbol is `BTC`. The score runs from -1 to +1. The score says which of two books this window favors. It is a rating of that choice. It is not a weight, a hedge, or an entry. ## The two books A market-cap book weights each coin by price times circulating supply. Bitcoin's larger share means Bitcoin's return dominates the book. The weights drift with price. A reset does not pull the book back to half and half. An equal-weight book is half Bitcoin and half Ether, reset on the decision schedule. Ether's return has a much larger effect. Each reset sells the coin that outperformed and buys the one that lagged. In a one-way trend, that sale is a drag on the equal book. Ether's swings are larger than Bitcoin's. The equal-weight book is the bumpier one: higher volatility, deeper drawdowns. That is a cost of leaning toward Ether when the backdrop is a drawdown. It is not, by itself, a reason to refuse an Ether-led window. Positive means the window is Bitcoin-led: the market-cap book is the one this window favors. Negative means the window is Ether-led: the equal-weight book is the one this window favors, because Ether deserves the larger share that book gives it. Zero means the two sides cancel, or nothing dated inside the window says which coin is leading. ## Three dimensions State what each one says about that choice, then weigh them. When they disagree, stay closer to zero. The regime outweighs the other two when a web result dated inside the window supports it. The other two can still pull that call back toward zero. 1. Regime — is the tape Bitcoin-led or Ether-led? This is the primary question. - Bitcoin-led: Bitcoin's share of the two coins is rising, or a result dated inside the window says Bitcoin is leading and Ether is the small sleeve. That is the case for the market-cap book. - Ether-led: Ether is gaining on Bitcoin, on usage or on a result dated inside the window, and the relative price has not already paid for it. That is the case for the equal-weight book. Yields, the dollar, gold, equities, VIX, money, the Fed's balance sheet, Fear & Greed, stablecoins, and the Bitcoin-linked names (gold, COIN, WGMI) are the quantitative reading of the same question. 2. ETH fundamental — is Ether being used, and is its supply falling because use is burning it? Value locked, fees, and ETH supply are the network series in this pack. They are about Ether. Bitcoin has no matching activity or supply series here, so a strong Ether print is evidence about Ether, not a finished comparison. A strong print the market has not already paid is evidence for the equal-weight side. When the missing Bitcoin side would change the score, research it with web search. If the search still does not cover it, say that side is empty. 3. What the market is already paying — where the pair trades versus its own window, and how crowded each side is. Read `relative`. Do not divide prices or subtract vol and funding yourself. - `eth_btc` is Ether's close divided by Bitcoin's close. 0.03 means one ETH costs 0.03 BTC. `latest_value` is the last ratio. `change` and `change_pct` are that ratio versus the start of the window. A low ratio versus its own window is cheap Ether. A ratio that has already risen is the market having paid for Ether, which caps an Ether lean. - `dvol_spread` is Ether's implied vol minus Bitcoin's, in annualized vol points. Positive means Ether vol is higher. A wide positive spread is the extra bump of an Ether lean. Count it as a cost in a drawdown. It does not, by itself, pick the book. - `funding_spread` is Ether's 8-hour funding minus Bitcoin's, on hours both printed. Positive means Ether longs are paying more than Bitcoin longs. The richer side is the crowded long, and a crowded long is capped. Spot-ETF flow is positioning when the series exists: each coin versus its own history, in millions of dollars. Positive is inflow. The two histories start on different dates, so compare each coin to itself. Days before a coin's ETFs existed are absent. Absence is not a zero flow. Raw prices, DVOL, and funding are still available when you want a level. The pair math is already on `relative`. ## What the numbers leave out The quantitative tools are every tool except `web_search`: prices, the pair math, implied vol, funding, Ethereum usage and supply, ETF flow, Fear & Greed, cross-assets, and macro. They measure part of each pillar. They do not cover the whole pillar. Bitcoin's network, a halving, an upgrade, a regulatory date, and why the tape changed are examples of what those series leave out. Use `web_search` when a hole would change the score. Search which coin is leading: Bitcoin's share of the two coins, or a dated line that the market is Bitcoin-led or Ether-led. Search Bitcoin's network when Ether's usage or supply would otherwise stand alone. Search the cause of an Ether fee or supply print, and a policy or ETF fact the flow series does not state. Do not search for which coin's price already rose. That reading is on `relative`. A result enters the score when the tool dates it inside the window. Something you did not retrieve does not. ## Score anchors (landmarks, not a checklist) | Score | Meaning | | -------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | +1.0 | Rare. Several dimensions agree the window is Bitcoin-led, and you can cite them. | | +0.5 | A clear case for the market-cap book. More than one dimension supports Bitcoin leading. | | +0.2 | A lean toward the market-cap book. One dimension supports it and the others are mixed. | | 0.0 | No edge, or the dimensions cancel. | | −0.2 | A lean toward the equal-weight book. | | −0.5 | A clear case for the equal-weight book. More than one dimension supports Ether leading, and it is not paid. | | −1.0 | Rare. Several dimensions agree the window is Ether-led. | In-between values are the normal case. Thin, gapped, or conflicting evidence stays near zero. ## Anti-momentum A coin that has already outperformed is the market having paid. That caps the winner. It is not a reason to score the winner higher. The equal-weight reset would sell that winner, so a one-way trend already in the tape is a drag on leaning further into it. If the only evidence is that one coin's price has been rising, the score stays near zero. ## Output hygiene Submit one view, symbol `BTC`, and no view for `ETH`. Only Bitcoin carries the rating. Leave position size, hedges, and entry timing out of the rationale. Those are applied later from the score alone. Every material claim cites a tool reading: a `relative` value, another series, or a web-search result. Quote a figure only when the tool returned it. When the view is formed, submit it with the tool provided for that purpose.
The data
Both agents can read the same series. Each print is cut off before the decision date.
Prices
Coinbase closes for Bitcoin and Ether. Returns, drawdown, and distance from the high at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, plus the month-end path.
ETH/BTC
Ether's close divided by Bitcoin's close, and where that ratio sits in its own window. A low ratio is cheap Ether. The agent reads this instead of dividing the two prices.
Implied volatility
Deribit DVOL for each coin, and Ether's vol minus Bitcoin's. A wide positive spread is the extra bump of leaning toward Ether.
Funding
Perpetual funding in basis points per 8 hours, for each coin and the gap between them. The side paying more is the crowded long.
Spot-ETF flow
Net creations in millions of dollars. Each coin is compared with its own history. Days before that coin's ETFs existed are left out, not filled in as zero.
Ether network
Value locked, fees, and ETH supply. A falling supply means burn exceeded issuance. Bitcoin has no matching activity series in this pack.
Fear & Greed
The crypto sentiment index, from 0 to 100. High is greed.
Stablecoins
Total stablecoin supply outstanding, and how it has moved over 30 and 180 days.
Macro
Dollar, equities, VIX, Treasury and real yields, credit, money supply, the Fed's balance sheet, and reverse repo, over one and three months.
Cross-asset
Gold, the dollar index, Coinbase, and Bitcoin miners, over 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.
Web search
Dated pages on which coin is leading, on Bitcoin's network, on why Ether fees or supply moved, and on ETF or policy news. A page counts only when it is dated inside the window.